Scenario #2 Orders from Berlin, Afternoon Engagement – 13, Dec 1939

General Information – Rio De Plata – 13 Dec, 1939 14:50 (2:50 pm)

This is the historical scenario, early at dawn of the 13th of December 1939, the DKM Graf Spee attack a British Cruiser squadron consisting of HMS Exeter (heavy cruiser) and HMS Ajax and HMS Achilles (light cruisers). The area is just north of the mouth of the Rio de Plata (Ln 35°W Lt 50°S) and it is summer time in the Southern Hemisphere. The breeze is light, 10 kn from SW, the sea is calm (state 1 on the scale of Beaufort) and the sky is empty of any cloud. The visibility start at 15 nm to increase to 25nm thru the day.

preambleText_2 =@”The HMS Ajax has just recovered the Seafox after Lieutenant Lewin landed alongside, you can now increase his speed and cover the starboard side of the DKM Graf Spee in case she change her course toward the high sea. The HMS Achilles is covering the southwest. The Admiralty informed you that HMS Cumberland is steaming toward the river Plata from the Falklands. The HMS Exeter was able to stop the flooding and is slowly sailing toward Port Stanley.”;

German Brief

On your way back to Germany you have decided to raid the merchant traffic off the southern coast of Brazil toward the mouth of the Rio de Plata. 

Your orders are to avoid engagement with enemy warship and focus on disrupting merchant traffic, however as you are finishing your Southern Atlantic Campaign you are taking the risk to attack the British merchant convoy protected by a cruiser and 2 destroyers appearing on your SSE horizon. You order battle station ready and set speed to 25knots!
The morning battle report has been reviewed by the headquarter in Germany,  the DKM Admiral Sheer and DKM Gneisenau and DKM Scharnhorst will leave harbor and force their way to the North Atlantic. All available U-boot to be reassigned to Atlantic and attack Allied shipping aggressively. Your orders are:

  • Fight your way to the high sea.
  • If required take to shelter sail to Lagoa dos Patos in Brazil (Porto Alegre has a very large German population)

The axis order of battle:

TypeNameDisplacementSpeed
Main Armement
CADKM Graf SpeeTons 16 000kn 28 / 25 (1)6 x 280mm

(1) Practical battle speed due to diesel engines vibrations.

British Brief

You guessed that the German raider will attack the traffic coming from Argentina. Your intuition was right, the elusive German Pocket Battleship is now on the horizon! Your force of one heavy cruiser and 2 light cruisers will have a hard task but the Royal Navy will perform her duty!

The allied order of battle:

TypeNameDisplacementSpeed
Main Armement
CLHMS AjaxTons 8 000kn 328 x 150mm (6')
CL
HMS AchillesTons 8 000kn 328 x 150mm (6')

The Price of Disobedience – The battle of the River Plate reconsidered

content

The Price of Disobedience
The battle of the River Plate reconsidered
Author: Eric J. Grove
Sutton Publishing ISBN 0-7509-0927-7

The most current reference about the battle of the river Plate, in a lively style Eric Grove provide a detailed account of the battle and the background. He is incorporating many elements from E. Millington-Drake compilation including F.W. Rasenack account of the battle from the German side. The first part of the battle is very detailed and well analyzed (from 6:10 till 7:00) however the remaining of the action of the day is less detailed. For example little is said for the last shots exchanged between the DKM Graf Spee and HMS Achilles late in the afternoon at the limit of the Uruguayan territorial water.

 

December, 13 1939 Timeline of the engagement

05:20 HMS Ajax <ENE 60° – 14 knots>

HMS Ajax at 34º 34′ South 48º 17′ West is leading HMS Achilles and HMS Exeter, the British Squadron 390 nautical miles east of Montevideo.

05:52 DKM Graf Spee <SE 155° – 15 knots>

2 mast detected on the horizon at 31000 m, Captain Langsdorff decide to engage. It was to his knowledge that British were having Cruisers sailing in the area but he was expecting a heavy cruiser and 2 destroyers.

06:04 HMS Ajax <ENE 60° – 14 knots>

Smoke sighted on the horizon at 323°, believed to be a commercial steamer.

06:15 HMS Exeter <ENE 324° – 14 knots>

Cruiser turning to port, Sailing toward sighting at 324°.

06:16 HMS Exeter <ENE 324° – 14 knots>

Smoke sighting identified as a German Pocket Battleship. Initially thought to be the DKM Admiral Scheer.

Note: The camouflage pattern on the DKM Graf Spee has been successful at confusing the observers from the HMS Exeter for a while.

06:17 DKM Graf Spee <SE 115° – 21 knots>

Opening fire on Exeter at 19700 m range.

06:20 HMS Exeter <ENE 324° – 14 knots>

Returning fire at 17150 m (18700 yards).

06:21HMS Exeter <ENE 324° – 25 knots>

Near miss from the third 11” Graf Spee salvo splintered the starboard torpedo launch killing several servants. (Ex / 01)

06:22 HMS Achilles <NNW 340° – 25 knots>

Opening fire, range 19,000 yd.

06:23 HMS Ajax <NNW 340° – 25 knots>

Opening fire

06:24 HMS Exeter <WNW 300° – 30 knots>

Direct double hit on B turret, out of service. Splinters are showering the bridge above killing and wounding most of the crewman. After running out of control for a moment, the lower steering took back control on a 275° course. Exeter receive 2 more hits and several near misses. (Ex / 07)

06:25 DKM Graf Spee <SE 115° – 21 knots>

Due to a threat of torpedo attack from the light cruisers, Captain Langsdorff order NNE course and change of target (to the leading light cruiser)

06:28 HMS Exeter <NW 300° – 30 knots>

Change of course back to 324°.

6:31 HMS Exeter <NW 324° – 30 knots>

Fire starboard torpedoes, this was a local action from the torpedo team, the distance was misjudged to be 9000 yards (in the reality it was about 13000 yards).

06:31 DKM Graf Spee <NNE 50° – 21 knots>

Change of target, reengaging the Exeter with main fire control, while B turret still chasing the light cruisers with local fire control.

6:34HMS Exeter <NW 324° – 30 knots>

3 more direct hits, one on A turret, putting her out of action after 40 to 50 shots. The fire control table is out of service. Meanwhile the Graf Spee was hit twice by 8” from Exeter plus a near miss splintering the port side. 2 more hits from Graf Spee disabled ship communications forcing the remaining Y to use local fire control.(Ex /12) (Gs / 02)

6:35HMS Exeter <S 200° – 30 knots>

The Exeter disengage under a smoke screen

6:36 DKM Graf Spee <N 340° – 24 knots>

The Graf Spee aft turret engage the Achilles

06:36 HMS Ajax <NNW 340° – 25 knots>

Commodore Hardwood order the light cruiser squadron to increase speed to 28 knots.

06:37 HMS Ajax <NNW 340° – 27 knots>

The Fairey Seafox is catapulted.

06:38 HMS Achilles <NNW 340° – 28 knots>

A near miss splintered the DCT killing and wounding 70% of the DCT crew. This will disorganize the HMS Achilles returning fire for several minutes and confuse also the HMS Ajax fire control officer. (Ac / 01)

6:46 HMS Ajax <NNW 340° – 28 knots>

Communication with the Fairey Seafox is established, initially the plane radio was on the reconnaissance channel, while the HMS Ajax was on the spotting channel. Unfortunately HMS Achilles off pace shooting were used by the spotting plane to feed back the HMS Ajax. This created an incredible 4000 yd error (over 16 kyd, 25%). Order to close distance 60° to port.

6:52 HMS Ajax <NNW 280° – 28 knots>

Signal to speed up to 31 knots.

6:56 HMS Ajax <NNW 280° – 31 knots>

In order to get all guns on target the 2 light cruisers veer starboard by 35°.

7:04 DKM Graf Spee <NNW 280° – 24 knots>

The Graf Spee reengage the Exeter

7:30 HMS Exeter <NW 324° – 30 knots>

Power supply are flooded, Y turret cannot be operated. HMS Exeter turn away behind a smoke screen.

Sources:

Pope, 1956, “The Battle of the River Plate”

Grove, 2000, “The Price of Disobedience” The Battle of the River Plate reconsidered